Samhain Halloween Festival, Christian All Saints’ Day, All Souls’ Day and Hindu Diwali Festival — October 31st

The Samhain festival, celebrated by the ancient Celts, is one of the most profound seasonal festivals linked with honoring the dead and marking the transition from the light half of the year to the dark. From October 31st to November 1st, Samhain is a time when the veil between the physical and spiritual worlds is believed to be thinnest, allowing spirits and ancestors to cross back into the earthly realm.

Lighting candles and bonfires is one of the central rituals during Samhain.

Candles were placed in windows or at doorsteps to guide the spirits of deceased loved ones back home. These lights served as a warm welcome, signaling to the spirits that they were remembered and honored. Families believed this ritual helped the souls find their way back to their kin.

Since Samhain marked a time of spiritual activity, it was also thought that not all spirits were benevolent. Bonfires and candles provided light that protected the living from malevolent or mischievous spirits. This tradition is reflected in the later custom of carving jack-o’-lanterns, a protective symbol meant to scare off unwelcome entities.

The candle flame symbolizes life and death. As the flame flickers, it represents the transient nature of life, echoing the seasonal shift and the natural cycles observed by the Celts. The light represents remembrance, illuminating memories and connecting the present to the past.

In addition to smaller candles, communities often gathered around large bonfires that were believed to offer collective protection and unity. Participants would extinguish their home fires and then relight them from the communal Samhain bonfire, symbolizing rebirth and the continuity of life through the dark winter months.

Even today, lighting candles on Samhain or Halloween remains a way to remember loved ones who have passed, creating an enduring link between ancient Celtic beliefs and contemporary traditions. The flame stands as a timeless symbol of warmth, remembrance, and the hope of reunion beyond life’s veils.

Elements of the Samhain ritual were adapted and integrated into Catholic tradition, especially in the creation of All Saints’ Day and All Souls’ Day, celebrated on November 1st and 2nd, respectively. These days are now dedicated to honoring saints and praying for the souls of the deceased, aligning closely with themes from Samhain.

When Christianity spread through Celtic regions, the Church often incorporated local customs into Christian practices to ease the transition and encourage the local population to embrace the new faith.

All Saints’ Day (November 1): In the 8th century, Pope Gregory III designated November 1 as a day to honor all saints and martyrs. This observance, originally celebrated in May, was moved to coincide with Samhain, allowing Catholic communities to celebrate their holy figures on a date significant to local spiritual customs.

All Souls’ Day (November 2): Established in the 10th century by Abbot Odilo of Cluny, All Souls’ Day focuses on praying for the souls of the departed, especially those who had not yet reached heaven. This practice resonates with Samhain’s theme of honoring the dead, offering prayers and, in some regions, lighting candles to guide souls on their journey.

Lighting of Candles and Prayers for the Dead: Both Samhain and Catholic observances involve lighting candles to remember and guide the souls of the dead. During All Saints’ and All Souls’ Days, Catholics light candles and visit cemeteries, mirroring the Samhain tradition of using light to honor and guide spirits.

“Hallowtide” and Halloween: The evening before All Saints’ Day, known as All Hallows’ Eve (eventually shortened to “Halloween”), retained the sense of mystery and reverence associated with Samhain. In both traditions, this night was seen as a time when spirits were more present, and customs like costumes and carved lanterns (evolving into jack-o’-lanterns) persisted.

Diwali Festival

Diwali also called Deepavali is the Hindu festival of lights, with variations celebrated in other Indian religions such as Jainism and Sikhism. It symbolizes the spiritual victory of Dharma over Adharma, light over darkness, good over evil, and knowledge over ignorance.

Diwali is celebrated during the Hindu lunisolar months of Ashvin (according to the Amanta tradition) and Kartika — between mid-September and mid-November — the celebrations generally last five or six days.

Diwali comes from the Sanskrit word Deepavali, meaning “row of lights.”

It marks the triumph of light over darkness, of good over evil. Though Diwali traditions vary according to region and religion, the myths and historical stories behind the holiday share themes of justice and liberation.

People typically mark the first day of Diwali by purchasing gold and silver jewelry, utensils and other new household items for good luck. Many clean their homes to invite the blessings of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity.